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Béla Hamvas “La Melancolía de las obras tardías” Del Subsuelo 2017

Adam Kovacsics, philologist, writer and translator of Hungarian descent, has been in charge of selecting for this book, a exquisite display of texts by the writer and thinker, also Hungarian, Bela Hamvas.

In the Prologue, Adam guides us a little about the life of the philosopher. A life, by the way, not at all conventional.

I just want to point out some important aspects of his biography, you can read the rest in the prologue of the book.

Bela Hamvas (Source: https://www.hamvasbela.org/)

He was born in 1897 in Prešov, at that time, a Hungarian city, today Slovak. The following year the family moved to Bratislava where his father – a Protestant pastor – would teach classes at the city's Evangelical Lyceum.

Bela is called up to the ranks First World War. After the war they moved to Budapest, Where do you study Hungarian and Germanic philology. work from journalist.

From 1927 is hired by the municipal library where he would work for more than twenty years.

Recruited back into the Second World War, Hamvas deserts and takes refuge in the capital. A bomb will destroy his house, losing much of the books Y manuscripts.

Once the war is over, he is registered in the Communist Party.

An important fact is the Stalinist repression who would suffer from 1948, because his writings did not adhere to the official postulates, with the consequent loss of work in the Library and the banning all his work.

It will survive from that moment on by first being used as gardener and later as grocer in a thermal company, until its retirement in 1964. She will continue writing and translating, even more so in the wake of retirement, but unfortunately the death would happen four years later, in 1968.

Hamvas It was read clandestinely and in the eighties he began to edit his work systematically, becoming considered a central figure in 20th century Hungarian literature and philosophy.

Focusing on the book, among the different writings of Hamvas, their themes They are varied, so in “El canto de los pájaros”, we attended a beautiful naturalistic story, where the song of the Mockingbird connects with the music and other deeper topics, such as old age and the death:

“Su canto no contiene ni dolor ni sufrimiento, ni fuerza heroica ni risa ni triunfo. Nada de eso. Cuando el hombre ha superado la vida y ya no quiere nada, lo único que le ocupa es esperar a que lo llamen y rezar. Ese rezo tranquilo, quieto y apaciguado de la espera es el canto del ruiseñor, esa melodía martirial de la espera cristalina de la muerte y del más allá, despedida de la hermosa tierra, del dulce arrobo de la vida, la petición al cielo de que lo deje entrar».

Béla Hamvas -The successive quotes are from the same author, referring to each reference text.

The same theme naturalist we have in the beautiful, “Árboles”. In the text Bela underline the relationship between tree and the Earth, where both are needed and complement each other:

 “El árbol absorbe la tierra, se introduce más y más en ella. Pero el árbol no es un parásito. No mata la tierra, sino que le da la oportunidad de regalarse. El nexo es recíproco, la raíz penetra más y más en la tierra para recibir, la tierra acoge la raíz para dar».

In this interrelation of the two elements, the author introduces Kierkegaard in his reflection on Delivery:

“Kierkegaard habla de la entrega que no es ni violencia, ni aturdimiento, ni embriaguez, ni derrumbamiento … en esa entrega varón y mujer ruegan poder entregarse”.

Reflection that according to Hamvas does not coincide with the delivery that occurs between the tree and the earth: “porque en aquello de lo que habla Kierkegaard existe aún la posibilidad del enfrentamiento, del no, incluso aunque suponga el derrumbamiento completo y la caída en la soledad».

For Hamvas The delivery of the tree without the possibility of rejection must occur: “Es una consumación basada en el riesgo amenazante de la no consumación».

Bela Hamvas (Source: https://www.hamvasbela.org/)

Hamvas contrasts the total surrender of the tree and the earth, with the partial one that takes place in man, “El hombre solamente se entrega con plenitud a quien no teme; de ahí que quien viene de allá lejos deba ser uno mismo. Cualquier otra entrega es parcial».

Different unique trees come together in the delicious story. A heroic lime tree that survives among the stones, a melancholic pine surrounded by other pines, a virgin and pure birch or a blessed fig tree that protects our author:

“Uno nunca lleva consigo la bendición de su propia vida. Por eso es bueno que exista un ser maternal como esta higuera que para mí quiera lo mejor. Protegido por ella, sé que es superfluo desear algo para mí; no es necesario desear nada. Me conformaré con lo que ella desea, que es mejor que si lo deseara yo».

The story is also joyful, “La Merienda del Señor”, with recipes for strawberries, sinners and the "Mister" as a diner and vinedresser.

As in the previous story, "Pick Cherries”, Hamvas immerses us through the cherry tree in the seasons, The birdsong, like the blackbird; other fruit trees, like the apple tree or the fig tree and advocates that today's accelerated society is incompatible with leisurely collection of the fruits and liberating feeling:

“En lo alto del árbol mientras recogía las cerezas, viví una experiencia que no he vivido ni tocando el piano, ni escribiendo, ni pensando, ni viajando. La experiencia de la libertad. Porque en ninguna otra actividad la tuve, y para vivirla hube de partir de la base de que no soy ni artista, ni escritor, ni aventurero, ni pensador. Con toda probabilidad, soy un hombre sencillo que se siente y se sabe libre dentro de circunstancias y tareas sencillas».

Music, is another of our author's preferences, having as a reference to Beethoven in several writings, “La Séptima Sinfonía y la Metafísica de la Música”, with a very explicit title, is an exaltation of the great composer's Symphony in direct connection with the isolation necessary for its maximum creation:

“Toda gran obra es el resultado de un ascetismo y sólo alcanza la grandeza al precio de renunciar al placer».

In “La melancolía de las obras tardías”, chosen by Adam for the lovely book title, the basic idea comes from the quartets of Beethoven:

“¿Qué distingue los cuartetos de sus obras anteriores? Lo mismo que distingue Fedra de Las Leyes, Enrique IV de La Tempestad, Ana Karenina de La Sonata a Kreutzer. Lo mismo que los desgaja de las obras anteriores y los funde con las de la vejez de otros. Es la misteriosa analogía de las obras tardías».

To branch out in other directions with selected works by a handful of blessed authors as protagonists: Tolstoy, Shakespeare, Goethe, Sophocles, Plato, Lao-Tzu, Heraclitus Y Bach.

From Sophocles its culmination would be for Bela, “Oedipus at Colonus”, Colonus, an almost empty space where an already blind Oedipus will have to wait for death, “Es el paisaje de la vejez en la música beethoveniana de Colono, en los cuadros de Cezanne de Colono, en la filosofía de Lao-Tse».

And these masterpieces by master authors have to be interpreted to Bela, with the literary language, a different language than logos of Heraclitus:

“La glorificación de la palabra es casi el opuesto exacto del lenguaje del literato. Es el estado duradero de ebriedad debido al poder mágico, ardiente y terrible, cuyos breves relampagueos los artistas y pensadores llaman numen. El vértigo de la palabra es uno de los lugares más intensos de la existencia. Y el único instrumento del saber es precisamente la palabra. Quien más sabía de ese lugar era el anciano Heráclito, que vivió sumido en el entusiasmo trascendente del logos …The quartets are performed with the obligatory language of the writer, just like The Art of Fugue, just like Oedipus at Colonus or The Tempest, just like the other late works that are performed in public.

These unique works occur in the proximity of the death of their distinguished authors, they are works immersed in melancholy:

“La melancolía es la última estación de la transitoriedad, la última, ultimísima gota de miel de la vida. Es la postrera maravilla y el saber definitivo».

Bela Hamvas (Source: https://www.hamvasbela.org/)

For Hamvas In that last melancholic season of life a double state occurs, “La melancolía es la última bendición en la vida del hombre. Éste, en la melancolía, se halla continuamente en una situación como mínimo doble, lo cual explica eso que tendremos que definir “como escuchar el otro lado"». Double state that occurs in those unique works touched by the ultimate magic of life:

“El “escuchar el otro lado” aparece en ocasiones en la propia estructura de la obra. Ocurre en el Cuarteto en la menor, en el Tao Te King, en Edipo en Colono, en el Fausto. En otras creaciones, como La Tempestad, El arte de la Fuga, en Platón o en Tolstói, se traslucen varias voces y cada vez que sucede se pone patas arriba la existencia entera de la obra».

Only a small number of authors reach the final tuning, as our esteemed author defends:

“Una vez que el artista ha alcanzado la afinación que le permite acoger la realidad verdadera, su labor ha llegado a su fin. No todos los artistas la consiguen. Son escasos: Sófocles, Goethe, Rilke, Beethoven, Tolstói, Shakespeare, Bach, así como algunos pensadores, Platón, Heráclito, Lao-Tse. La logran al final de sus vidas y entonces ya saben lo que habría que hacer. Lo saben y necesitarían una vida del todo nueva para ese saber, para hacer realidad cuanto saben».

The philosophical theme is present in several writings, such as "Kierkegaard en Sicilia”. The author makes an itinerary through a series of fundamental characters in the future of the world, starting with Napoleon, continuing through Byron, Stendhal, Baudelaire, to lead to his beloved Kierkegaard and tell us in a kind of fiction, how the environment during the stay in Sicily seems to threaten the thinker. Reflecting, Kierkegaard discovers that the hostile environment is nothing more than the result of his own inner perception:

“Kierkegaard hizo un descubrimiento increíble, enorme, tan grande que comparada con él, la batalla de Wagram semeja un partido de fútbol. La vida, dijo, no depende de los fenómenos, no de las imágenes visibles y perceptibles, sino de la actividad interior, de la actividad psicológica, la cual es completamente independiente del mundo exterior. La existencia humana no consiste en fenómenos, sino en decisiones. Sólo allí vive el hombre de manera inmediata».

Like the previous story about Kierkegaard, in "El lugar de Heráclito en la historia espiritual de Europa”, the text obviously revolves around Heraclitus. Bela highlights the importance of the Greek philosopher, with a work of which we only have barely 130 fragments of his writings.

His influence can be seen in Plato, Aristotle, Goethe Y Nietzsche.

Bela in the text goes back to Such, first Greek philosopher, whose language before Heraclitus It is iconic. After Heraclitus are they sophists with muddy language. Later Plato, returns again to iconic language. Until you reach Aristotle, “Aristóteles ya levanta la filosofía sobre palabras construidas todas ellas de nuevo».

But focusing Hamvas in Heraclitus, philosopher of the duality of iconic and conceptual language, who had to live between an archaic period and a new one, admits that he was not understood in his time:

“Entre el lenguaje icónico y el conceptual, entre la moral heroica y la democrática, entre el mito y la filosofía, moviéndose en opuestos, desluciéndose cada vez más en la pálida copia de una era anterior, situado en el final de la época arcaica, en el umbral de un período completamente nuevo, para él extraño, insignificante, degradado: ese es el destino personal que vivió Heráclito».

Philosopher who acquires special importance for his central idea of logos, “Quien busque comprender desde este punto de vista la idea que Heráclito nombró por vez primera y que dos mil quinientos años transcurridos desde entonces llaman logos no hallará una definición general y definitiva. Logos significa palabra. No obstante, significa también razón, medida, proporción, orden, ley, verbo, pensamiento; significa asimismo lo que es completamente “ilógico” e igualmente lo que es divino, pero a la vez aquello que está más allá de los dioses».

“El logos es lo que une al hombre con el orden del mundo, lo que todos conocen porque “común es a todos el pensar”».

For Hamvas, our world is indebted to Heraclitus and the philosopher most related to him is none other than Nietzsche. The destiny of Heraclitus, tells us Hamvas, due to the lack of understanding towards him, was none other than withdrawal and loneliness:

“LThe figure of Heraclitus represents and will represent for Europe the tragic destiny of the man of the spirit».  

Our author's most personal text is “Una Gota de la Perdición”, because he is the one who stars in it. Bela He proposes to fast and remain silent for forty hours in a house in the middle of the forest. In it he refers to the wounds of the soul in a fateful year, I suspect that it is in the Second World War, when he had to desert, hide, live as a beggar and suffer the loss of a large part of his written material, due to the fall of a bomb. in his house:

“Decidí guardar silencio y hacer ayuno porque le encontré sentido al año más difícil de mi destino –el cual, por cierto, nunca fue fácil- y quise mirar de frente a ese destino… La soledad y el ayuno son un estado mágico que en general se desconoce».

Bela Hamvas (Source: https://www.hamvasbela.org/)

In that ascetic state in which he wanted to immerse himself, he points out that “No deseaba hacer penitencia”, in addition to not believing in the occult or being religious. It so happens that through the mystics, Saint John of the Cross in “His Dark Night of the Soul” Y Jakob Böhme, understands what happened to him:

“No soy religioso. Pero curiosamente, sólo la comprensión religiosa de las cosas consigue satisfacerme. Mi Maestro me enseñó a no contentarme nunca con lo negativo. A buscar siempre el significado positivo. Y si no se encuentra, seguir buscando. El verdadero sentido de toda oscuridad es la luz. El sentido de todo sufrimiento, la alegría».

Referring to the title of the text itself, a single drop was enough for his downfall, “¿Perdición? No. Sólo una gota. Una única gota bastó para envenenar todo un año, para engullirlo, para abrasarlo, desgarrarlo, ese año, el más duro de mi destino que, por lo demás, nunca fue fácil».

fasting and silence is the search for a change in mental state, “Es de suponer que quien recurre al ayuno y a la soledad no sólo quiere ponerse parches. Yo buscaba la atmósfera de la metanoia (cambio de la mente)». But that ascetic and solitary immersion is not easy. Hamvas cites a series of characters who failed in their attempt, Strindberg He was the first to achieve his goal:

“En el curso de un siglo, muchos -Hölderlin, Schumann, Baudelaire, Nietzsche, Gógol, Van Gogh- cayeron al dar este paso. Se sumergieron en la noche. La turba los engulló y enloquecieron… Strindberg experimentó la misma locura en su período de Inferno y salió enriquecido de la noche oscura del alma. Fue el primer hombre de nuestros días que alcanzó así el grado superior de la transformación».

Kovasics rightly includes a magnificent poem of a social nature, among the texts of Bela:

The Formation of States

The valley narrowed and the travelers, coming from distant lands, had to advance in tight lines. In view of the number of travelers the sellers appeared, in view of the number of sellers the bandits appeared, in view of the number of bandits the police appeared, to legitimize the police the officials appeared, to protect the officials the soldiers appeared. , in view of the number of soldiers, prostitutes appeared, to praise the prostitutes, poets appeared.

In “Nadie”, Hamvas takes a tour of the 20th century in relation to the loss of identity and gradual disintegration of man, which begins as a result of the First World War, citing Homannsthal, becomes Each one, “los hombres se volvieron sustituibles” and after the Second World War, it became Nobody. It is a bitter text, where there is an allusion to a simulacrum of man who vegetates in totalitarianisms:

 “La colectividad propia de Nadie es el Estado total, así como el fundamento del Estado total es que el hombre no sea nadie. No mediocre, no carente de amor propio, no cualquiera, no mañoso, no ayuno de seriedad, sino nadie, el que no cuenta, no porque lo tengan por una nonada, sino porque él mismo se tiene por una nonada. Aun así, Nadie ha de aferrarse al totalitarismo, porque si este no existiera, no podría sobrevivir ni siquiera biológicamente».

A story is also included, "El maravilloso viaje de Joachim Olbrin”. Its protagonist, Joachim, goes in search of the palace of the main ruler of the world to ask for help in finding his place on Earth. Here, Bela changes from the essay that characterizes the chosen texts to a kind of story with a certain atmosphere of Science fiction or fantastic, but always maintaining his personal reflection, putting into value the simplicity and imperfection in life por encima de la pretenciosidad y “supuesta” perfección.

The book is wonderful. The very successful selection of Kovacsics, offers us a true sample of the thinker's talent. Surprise the lucidity of the author. A beaten author by the authorities of his country in repressive times. But nevertheless, he continued working on humble jobs and occupying free time reflect your thoughts through writing. It may seem that the topics discussed at a philosophical level are complicated to follow. Nothing further from reality. Hamvas makes the difficult easy. That's all explained simply, But it without neglecting the forms. Bela He has the ability to talk to us about different topics: musicals, philosophical, social, politicians, they can talk about the nature, from the elaboration of the recipes, they can be a committed poem or talk about art of creation. In the same text, several interests can converge, that is undoubtedly its power. And in all the texts, the humanism of Béla Hamvas is present.

“La Melancolía de las Obras Tardías” Béla Hamvas

Subsuelo Editions, 2017 Edition

Narrative Collection

Selection and Translation by Adan Kovacsics

198 Pages

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